Page 12020INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTLot B, Student Road, Tutorville, NSWFire Engineering BriefFIRE SAFETY CONSULTANTS INCORPORATEDPage 2Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41.1 The project ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41.2 Terms of reference …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41.3 FEB purpose & scope………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41.4 FEB limitations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51.5 FER scope (next stage)………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51.6 FEB/FER assumptions ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52. RELEVANT PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS………………………………………………………………………………….. 53. REFERENCE INFORMATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63.1 Contractual framework …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63.2 Regulatory framework………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63.2.1 Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)………………………………………………………………………. 63.2.2 Reference legislation …………………………………………………………………………………………. 63.2.3 Reference Codes and Guidelines…………………………………………………………………………. 63.3 Documents considered……………………………………………………………………………………………… 64. DESIGN OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64.1 Fire safety objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64.2 BCA compliance objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 74.3 Fire Brigades’ objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………. 75. BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76. OCCUPANT CHARACTERISTICS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 87 HAZARDS AND PREVENTATIVE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES……………………………………………….. 97.1 Hazards…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 97.2 Preventative and protective measures ……………………………………………………………………… 108 NON‐COMPLIANCES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119 TRIAL DESIGNS (PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS) FOR ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION …………………… 1210 RELEVANT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………………………… 1311. (PROPOSED) ANALYSIS APPROACHES AND ASSESSMENT METHODS ……………………………………. 1411.1 Perimeter vehicle access …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1411.2 Fire‐resisting construction (Type C) ………………………………………………………………………….. 1411.3 Fire suppression …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1411.4 Smoke exhaust ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1511.5 Travel distances to exits + Distances between exits ……………………………………………………. 1511.6 Fire hose reels ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1612. ANALYSIS MEANS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16Page 312.1 General …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1613 FIRE SCENARIOS AND PARAMETERS FOR DESIGN FIRES……………………………………………………… 1713.1 General …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1714 COMMISSIONING, MANAGEMENT‐IN‐USE & MAINTENANCE……………………………………………… 1715 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1716 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17LIST OF TABLESPage No.TABLE A DRAWINGS 5TABLE B RELEVANT PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS 5TABLE C NON‐COMPLIANCE ISSUES 11TABLE D TRIAL DESIGNS FOR ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 12TABLE E RELEVANT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 13Page 4Fire Engineering Brief1. INTRODUCTION1.1 The projectThe project relates to the construction of a new industrial development at Lot B, Student Road,Tutorville, NSW.1.2 Terms of referenceInternational Fire Safety Consultants Incorporated have been engaged by Student Developments Pty.Ltd. to carry out a fire engineering assessment of proposed Performance Solutions intended toaddress issues of non compliance with the Deemed‐to‐Satisfy Provisions (DTS Provisions) of the 2019edition of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) – a part of the National Construction Code.The concept fire safety strategy is described in this brief.1.3 FEB purpose & scopeBuilding work that requires approval before it commences must demonstrate what is proposed willcomply with the BCA once built. The BCA requires all Building Solutions to comply with itsPerformance Requirements and allows this to be achieved by either a Deemed‐to‐Satisfy Provisioncompliant design, a Performance Solution, or a combination of these approaches.This project includes a number of proposed ‘fire safety’ Performance Solutions. To demonstratethese will meet the relevant Performance Requirements of the BCA once implemented, analyses willbe undertaken. This brief outlines the scope of the work and bases for these analyses. The analyseswill be carried out in accordance with the methodologies set out in the International FireEngineering Guidelines (IFEG) (ABCB et al, 2005).This document constitutes a fire engineering brief (FEB) which is based upon input from, and theagreement of, relevant project stakeholders.This FEB generally follows the outline and procedure contained in the IFEG to undertake thefollowing: Define and convey the client fire safety needs to the design team. Establish the objectives for the fire safety design. Define fire safety acceptance criteria. Identify and agree on the fire hazards and preventative and protective measures. Establish and agree on trial designs for evaluation Establish and agree on analysis approaches and methods. Establish parameters for design occupant groups Finalise FEB and obtain sign‐off from all parties.The drawings supplied by the Architects and on which the analyses will be based are listed in Table A.The methodologies to be employed to determine whether the Performance Solutions proposedwill comply with the relevant Performance Requirements of the BCA are described in this brief.Page 5TABLE A DRAWING No.TITLE1PLAN2ELEVATIONS 1.4 FEB limitationsThe proposed building includes a number of non‐compliances with the DTS Provisions of the BCA. Asthe regulatory framework requires that BCA compliance must be demonstrated PerformanceSolutions are proposed in lieu. The scope of the analyses that will be carried out (and hence thescope of this FEB and the subsequent fire engineering report) is limited to evaluating the proposedPerformance Solutions for compliance with the relevant Performance Requirements of the BCA.Compliance of the building design with the Disability Discrimination Act, Dangerous Goods Act andOccupational Health and Safety Act is not the subject of the evaluation that will be carried out.The focus of the evaluation will be on accidental fire starts and not fires that arise from arson.1.5 FER scope (next stage)Once the FEB has been agreed to by all relevant project stakeholders analyses of the proposedPerformance Solutions will be undertaken. The outcomes of these analyses, evaluations,conclusions, and other matters will be reported in a fire engineering report (FER) in accordancewith the IFEG.1.6 FEB/FER assumptionsThe primary assumption of this FEB and the subsequent FER (yet to be written) will be that, with theexception of the DTS non‐compliances addressed within the FEB/FER, the remainder of the design forthe building will comply with DTS Provisions of the BCA for fire safety. It is also assumed that regularmaintenance and testing of all fire safety measures, including management‐in‐use controls, will becarried out once the building is occupied.2. RELEVANT PROJECT STAKEHOLDERSThe relevant project stakeholders that have been nominated by the client for the purposes ofparticipating in the fire engineering process are listed in the following table:TABLE B NameRoleOrganisationContact detailsClientProject managerFire Brigades officerConsultant buildingsurveyorArchitect Page 6 Mechanical engineerStructural engineerFire engineerAuthority havingjurisdiction (council) 3. REFERENCE INFORMATION3.1 Contractual frameworkThe project team consists of associated services consultants engaged by the client to carry out thedesign component of the project.3.2 Regulatory framework3.2.1 Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)Tutor City Council is the certifying authority for this project. However, for the purposes of this briefthe regulatory provisions that must be addressed in the assessment of the proposed PerformanceSolutions have been identified by the building regulations consultant.3.2.2 Reference legislationThis report is based on the following: NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000. National Construction Code Series, Volume One, Building Code of Australia 2014 (BCA).3.2.3 Reference Codes and Guidelines International Fire Engineering Guidelines 2005.3.3 Documents consideredThe drawings on which this FEB is based are listed in Table A.4. DESIGN OBJECTIVES4.1 Fire safety objectivesThe design objectives for the fire engineering assessment are contained in the relevant performanceprovisions of Sections C, D and E of the BCA. In summary, they are: Occupant life safety ‐ to safeguard people from illness or injury due to a fire in a building andwhilst evacuating a building during a fire. Protection of adjacent property ‐ to avoid spread of fire between buildings and protect otherproperty from physical damage caused by structural failure of a building as a result of fire.Page 7 Fire Brigade intervention ‐ to facilitate the activities of emergency personnel.The fire safety objectives are based on acceptable levels of occupant safety as absolute fire safetywithin buildings is not attainable.This report is consistent with the objectives and limitations of the BCA and therefore specificallyexcludes major forms of arson involving significant accelerants and/or multiple ignition sources, actsof terrorism, protection of property (other than adjoining property), business interruption or losses,personal or moral obligations of the owner/occupier, reputation, environmental impacts, broadercommunity issues, etc.4.2 BCA compliance objectivesIn terms of BCA compliance, the primary objective of this brief is to establish a framework to assessthe proposed Performance Solutions. With the exception of these Performance Solutions, all otherfire safety aspects of the building are assumed to comply with the BCA DTS Provisions.4.3 Fire Brigades’ objectivesFire Brigade objectives with respect to building design and fire brigade intervention are to beaddressed in accordance with the relevant BCA Performance Requirements. It should be noted thatthe Fire Brigades has its own charter for the protection of life, property and the environment.However, Fire Brigade responsibilities that may be contained in their statutory Act, or otherobjectives over and above the BCA, are beyond the scope of this brief.5. BUILDING CHARACTERISTICSGeneral descriptionThe proposed building may be generally described as follows: An industrial development comprising a factory/warehouse with ancillary two storey officeaccommodation. As the land falls from west to east, the opportunity is to be taken to provideunder croft carparking at the eastern end of the factory/warehouse. The effective height of the building is less than 25 metresIntended use The factory/warehouse will be used for the manufacture, storage and distribution of windows,curtain wall systems and doors. The client advises that the materials contained will be principallyglass and aluminium ‐ however, there will also be minor amounts of timber, cardboard andplastic. The client also advises that the height of goods stored will not exceed 10m.Construction The general structure of the building will comprise:o Factory/warehouse Reinforced concrete floor slab‐on‐ground to the majority of the factory/warehouse. Thefloor of the factory warehouse over the under croft carpark will be a suspended reinforcedconcrete floor. Steel portal frames, with associated steel purlins, girts and bracing. The external walls will be reinforced concrete panel to a height of 4m. Above this heightthe external walls will be clad in colour bonded metal sheeting on steel girts.Page 8 The roof will be clad with colour bonded metal sheeting with clear polycarbonate roof lightslocated centrally between steel portal frames.o Office The lower floor of the office area will be slab‐on‐ground. The upper floor will be suspended reinforced concrete supported on a reinforced concreteframe of beams and columns. The upper storey will comprise bare steel columns supporting a steel framed roof. The external walls of the office area will be clad in glass in aluminium frames. The roof will be clad with colour bonded metal sheeting. The wall separating the office area from the factory/warehouse will be a timber framedwall clad in 13mm standard grade plasterboard. The wall will contain doorways andviewing windows.o Carpark Reinforced concrete slab‐on‐ground Reinforced concrete columns, beams and concrete block walls supporting the reinforcedconcrete floor over. An enclosed internal stairway will connect the carpark and the factory/warehouse.Size and configuration Factory/warehouseo The factory/warehouse will have a floor area of 10,000m2.o The factory/warehouse will have a peak height of 13m at the roof ridge. However, the averageinternal height across the floor will be 11.8m. Office areao The office will have a floor area of 500m2 per storey.o Each storey will have a height of 3m Carparko The under croft carpark will have a floor area of 1200m2.o The storey height will be 3m.o The carpark will provide accommodation for 38 vehicles.Location The building will be located as shown on the site plan.6. OCCUPANT CHARACTERISTICSOccupant characteristics are considered to be representative of the general population, with nospecific or unusual distributions applicable in gender, age and physical and mental attributes.The building occupants can be broadly characterised into two groups: Factory/warehouse visitors (customers, couriers, drivers, etc);Page 9 Staff members (employees involved in manufacture/storage/distribution activities, administrationduties).Visitors are expected to be awake and conscious of their surroundings but not necessarily familiar,have no particular group roles, may not have emergency response training, and do not requirespecial assistance other than from staff members already present with them.Conversely, staff members are expected to be awake and conscious of their surroundings, be familiarwith the building layout, have particular group roles with other staff members and have emergencyresponse training and the ability to provide assistance to visitors, including persons with a disability,during an evacuation. It is expected that emergency training will be given to all employees in theform of induction and ongoing training courses. Fire wardens will be appointed and trainedaccordingly. Staff will also be trained in the use of fire extinguishers and fire hose reels.There are no other identified activities other than those normally associated with the proposedoccupancies. The characteristics (response capability, coping capability, and evacuation/avoidancecapability) of the occupants are taken as those which are typical of workers in this type ofestablishment. Given the nature of the development it is considered that the occupant profile maybe more able‐bodied. Notwithstanding, less able persons may be present. These individuals will benot be permitted to enter the building other than via the reception area in the office part. They willthen be provided with a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP); which may incorporatewarnings in the form of beacons, pagers or provide evacuation assistance from trained individualsand will identify appropriate egress routes.Otherwise, egress for persons with a disability will be considered to the same level as currentlyaddressed by the BCA.Based on advice from the client and future occupant of the subject building, occupant density isassumed to be no more than 20 persons in the factory/warehouse area, no more than 15 persons inthe office area, and no more than 10 persons in the carpark – at any one time.Egress analyses will be based on the above criteria.7 HAZARDS AND PREVENTATIVE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES7.1 HazardsIgnition Sources and Fuel LoadsA review of available data indicates the following:Australian Fire Incident Statistics prepared by …….. (….), provides an overview of fire starts across theentire spectrum of fixed property use in the period ….. The statistical data indicates a relatively lowpercentage of fires occurred in industrial warehousing areas, being approximately ..%, compared toapproximately ..% in residential buildings and ..% in shop/office buildings.The majority of heat of ignition identified in all fire incidents involving warehouses comes from openflames and sparks (…%), while heat generated by electrical equipment due to short circuiting, arcingand overloading (..%) is also a significant contributor.The common ignition factors are ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Of all fire incidents where the extent of fire spread was determined and reported, approximately ..%of fires were confined to ……………………………………….Page 10From the statistical data it is noted that during the period .., there were .. fatalities and .. injuries,including both civilians and brigade, caused by fires in all types of buildings. The number of injuriesin such buildings also represented only ..% of all injuries.The available data also indicates that the principal sources of fire ignition in the stated occupanciesare as follows: Carpark – motor vehicles Warehouses ‐ cigarettes Offices ‐ electrical appliances and heating equipment. Smoking is another major fire ignitionsource.Fire loads to be applied in the analysis will be derived from the information provided by the futureoccupant of the subject building and from carpark fire studies.7.2 Preventative and protective measuresThe proposed building will comply with the DTS Provisions of the BCA except as noted in this brief.The fire safety measures to be included in this building therefore comprise those required by the DTSProvisions (except as noted) and those that will be provided in lieu of complying with the DTSProvisions (the compensatory measures).It should also be noted that the following management procedures and policies will be implemented: Staff induction and training policies procedures relating to fire safety and fire drills. A non‐smoking policy supported by signage placed in appropriate places; A hot works permit policy to address the undertaking of hot works within the building which canpresent a potential ignition source. A permit from building management will be required beforeany hot works involving cutting, welding, heating, angle grinding or related practices can beundertaken. The request for a permit must address:o risks associated with exposure of adjacent combustibles;o fire watch procedures;o gas testing requirements. A house keeping policy to avoid obstructions to exits and paths of travel to exits.Furthermore, it should be noted that there is a Fire Brigade station located within 5 minutes by roadfrom the subject building.Page 118 NON‐COMPLIANCESTable C following lists the DTS Provisions of the BCA that the proposed building will not comply with,and hence the matters that will be the subject of a Performance Solution. It also providesinformation in relation to the nature of non‐compliance. Furthermore, the intent of the DTSProvisions not complied with is briefly explained.TABLE C DTS Provision non‐complianceRelevant relatedDTS Provision(s)not compliedwith?What is requiredto achievecompliance withthe DTSProvisions?Intent of DTS Provision(s)not complied with1. Width of perimeteraccess for emergencyvehicles on the easternside of the proposedbuilding.2. It is proposed toconstruct the buildinggenerally to Type Cstandard.3. The building will not beprovided with a firesprinkler system.4. The building will not beprovided an automaticsmoke exhaust system.5. The maximumpermissible traveldistance to an exitwithin the factory/warehouse will beexceeded by 30m.6. The maximumpermissible traveldistance between exitswithin the factory/warehouse will beexceeded by 20m.7. Fire hose reelpositioning and hoselengths will not comply. Page 129 TRIAL DESIGNS (PERFORMANCE SOLUTIONS) FOR ANALYSIS ANDEVALUATIONTable D following lists measures proposed to be provided to compensate for the DTS Provision non‐compliances. These measures are additional to those required by the DTS Provisions that are notbeing varied. If the analysis shows that the trial designs are acceptable a consolidated schedule ofworks will be developed based on the following for inclusion in the FER.TABLE D DTS Provision non‐compliance(s)Proposed Performance Solution1. Perimeter access foremergency vehicles. An easement will be established on Lot C to allow access ofcompliant width on the eastern side of the building to beprovided via the side driveway on Lot C. The security fencing Lots B and C will be provided with twoaccess gates as shown on the plans. The gates will beprovided with 003 key locks.2. Fire‐resisting construction(Type C). The carpark storey will be fire separated from the buildingspace above. The floor separating the under croft carparkfrom the factory/warehouse above will have a 30/30/30 FRLand the stair connecting the two building spaces will be fire‐isolated with 30/30/30 construction and doorways thereinwill be protected with self‐closing ‐/30/30 fire doors.3. Fire suppression. An unmonitored smoke detection and alarm system that willautomatically activate the building occupant warning system(BOWS) for the building upon detection of fire will beprovided. The staff induction and training policies and procedures willinclude a requirement that staff must ring 000 immediatelyupon becoming aware of a fire.4. Smoke exhaust. An unmonitored smoke detection and alarm system that willautomatically activate the BOWS for the building upondetection of fire will be provided. The BOWS will issue a pre‐recorded voice message advising all occupants to evacuate. 3 centrally located roof mounted manually operated smokeclearance fans will be provided to the factory/warehouse forFire Brigades use only – to assist with FB intervention andpost‐fire smoke clearance.5. Travel distances to exitswithin the factory/warehouse. An unmonitored smoke detection and alarm system that willautomatically activate the BOWS for the building upondetection of fire will be provided. The BOWS will issue a pre‐recorded voice message advising all occupants to evacuate. Egress paths will be painted in yellow on the floor of thefactory/warehouse. Page 13 6. Travel distances betweenexits within thefactory/warehouse. See 5 above. The same compensatory measures will serveboth non‐compliances.7. Fire hose reels. Fire hose reel coverage will be achieved via fire hose reelslocated greater than 4m from an exit, and 50m hose lengths. 10 RELEVANT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSThe following table (Table E) lists the relevant Performance Requirements (direct and indirect) thateach proposed Performance Solution must demonstrate compliance with in order to be able toclaim compliance with the BCA. The Performance Solutions proposed in relation to the DTSProvision non‐compliances are listed in Table D.TABLE E ProposedPerformanceSolutionRelated direct PerformanceRequirement(s)(A0.10(b))Related indirect PerformanceRequirement(s)(A0.10(c))Perimeter access foremergency vehicles(Performance SolutionFire‐resisting construction(Performance Solution 2)Fire suppression(Performance Solution 3)Smoke management(Performance Solution 4)Travel distances to exits(Performance Solution 5)Distances between exits(Performance Solution 5)Fire hose reels(Performance Solution 6) 1) Page 1411. (PROPOSED) ANALYSIS APPROACHES AND ASSESSMENTMETHODS11.1 Perimeter vehicle accessIt is proposed to carry out a qualitative assessment of the proposed Performance Solution. Theassessment will consider the viability and appropriateness of establishing an easement over Lot Cfor the purposes of achieving full perimeter access for emergency vehicles. The adjoining landowners will be the sole parties to the easement that will be established.It is not considered necessary to consult the Fire Brigades on this matter.Acceptance criteriaThe Performance Solution will be considered to be acceptable if it can be shown that the proposeddesign facilitates access for the Fire Brigades to undertake their intervention activities to an extentthat is no less than equivalent to a DTS Provision compliant Building Solution.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).11.2 Fire‐resisting construction (Type C)It will be argued that the proposed fire separation of the carpark storey from the storey abovejustifies permitting the proposed building to be of Type C construction. If it wasn’t for the lowercarpark storey the building the proposed building would be allowed to be Type C due to the rise instoreys (discounting the carpark level) and the fact that the building may be treated as a large‐isolated building.Based on the foregoing it will be argued that the proposed level of fire separation will be sufficient toresist fire internally for a period at least equivalent to the time it takes for the Fire Brigades to arriveand commence fire suppression. It is assumed that the Fire Brigades will, upon arrival, successfullyquell or control any fire in the carpark. The Fire Brigade intervention Model (FBIM) will be used todetermine the likely time of arrival of the Fire Brigades.Acceptance criteriaThe Performance Solution will be considered to be acceptable if it can be shown that thePerformance Requirements of the BCA are satisfied in terms of resistance to a fire in the carpark fora period no less than that required for the Fire Brigades arrival.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).11.3 Fire suppressionThis assessment will consider:Likelihood that a fire will occur ‐ This will be a logic analysis that will argue there is a low risk of a fireeventuating in the first instance taking into account the nature of the use, the nature of the intendedbuilding contents (fire load), and the management policies and procedures proposed to beimplemented.Likelihood of fire spread to other buildings – Notwithstanding the foregoing, based on theassumption a fire occurs, this will also be a logic analysis that the risk of fire spread to other buildingsPage 15is low taking into account: the likely occupant intervention (first aid attack on any fire by staff usingfire extinguishers or fire hose reels); the expected early Fire Brigade intervention (staff will dial 000);the likely size of fire based on the intended building contents; the polycarbonate roof lights whichshould melt if the fire is severe enough and should relieve the building of heat; and the physicalseparation between the subject building and neighbouring buildings.However, the likelihood of fire spread analyses will not be be based solely on the foregoingarguments. That is: The time it takes for the Fire Brigades to arrive and commence fire suppression and manuallyswitch on the smoke clearance fans (to relieve the building of heat) will be calculated using theFBIM. The potential for fire spread will also be assessed using a radiant heat analysis. This analysis willcalculate radiant heat received on the external wall of the nearest neighbouring from an emitterthe size of which will be based on the likely fire size (which in turn is based on the client’s adviceabout building contents).Acceptance criteriaThe Performance Solution will be considered to be acceptable if it can be argued sufficiently that thePerformance Requirements of the BCA are satisfied in terms of fire spread to neighbouring buildings.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).11.4 Smoke exhaustDue to the nature of the intended contents of the building (fire load) it is proposed to rationalise thesmoke exhaust system and provide a smoke clearance system in its place.The sufficiency of the measures proposed will be justified principally by the proposed analysisdescribed under 11.5 of this brief. This quantitative analysis will show that based on the likely firesize and severity, the large smoke reservoir created by the high roof to the factory/warehouse, andthe proposed early warning system, there will be sufficient time for safe escape of the buildingoccupants before the onset of untenable conditions.Notwithstanding, an additional quantitative analysis will be carried out to show the capability of the3 exhaust fans operating in unison to keep the smoke layer at a height which will facilitate search andrescue by the Fire Brigades. The design fire that will be applied in this analysis will be determinedbased on the information regarding the intended building contents provided by the client.Acceptance criteriaOccupants can escape safely before the onset of untenable conditions (see 11.5), and the smokeclearance fans will have sufficient capacity to prevent the smoke layer from descending below aheight of 1.5m above the floor and thereby allow fire fighters to locate the seat of the fire.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).11.5 Travel distances to exits + Distances between exitsThe evaluation approach to be used will be based on the determination of the required safe egresstime (RSET) for people to evacuate, and the available safe egress time (ASET) for evacuation (beforeuntenable conditions are present in the egress paths).Page 16The requirement for occupant safety is – RSET 3.5 kW/m2 Toxicity – CO exposure >15,000 ppm.min Smoke obscuration – 10m (0.1 optical density per metre).For the worst case fire scenario it is intended to apply a factor of safety of 0.5 to the egress timecalculations.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).11.6 Fire hose reelsThe analysis will be a qualitative, comparative assessment that takes into account, among otherthings, staff abilities and training to extinguish a fire by hand – particularly their ability to carry a 50mcharged hose.Acceptance criteriaThat the proposed Performance Solution adequately allows occupants to undertake an initial attackon a fire in circumstances no less safe than would be the case if a DTS Provision compliant BuildingSolution were applied.BCA analysis approach & Assessment MethodThe above aligns with the analysis approach referred to in A0.5(b)(..) and Assessment Method(s)described in A0.9(..).12. ANALYSIS MEANS12.1 GeneralIn order to address the non‐compliance issues identified both qualitative and quantitative analyseswill be undertaken.Quantitative analysis will be in the following forms:Page 17 Formulae, equations and hand calculations. Statistical studies. Computer simulation of fire development and smoke spread. Computer simulation of people movement.The computer program “Fire Dynamics Simulator” (FDS) is to be used to calculate the evolvingdistribution of smoke, fire gases and temperature throughout the compartments of the building thatwill be modelled.People movement will be modelled using SIMULAX simulation software. Pre‐movement times will beestablished based on an analysis and interpretation of human behaviour studies from the literature.For quantitative analysis it is planned to adopt a deterministic approach.The Fire Brigade Intervention Model (FBIM) will be used to determine the time for arrival, set up andoperations of the Brigade.13 FIRE SCENARIOS AND PARAMETERS FOR DESIGN FIRES13.1 GeneralIn analysing provision for safe escape fire scenarios will be considered. These fire scenarios examinethe sequence of events from fire ignition to fire detection, occupant response and egress, firesuppression and development of untenable conditions in the egress paths.Events to be determined for each fire scenario are: time of fire detection, occupant pre‐movement time, occupant travel time, time of untenable conditions.The fire scenarios will take account of factors, such as: the nature, quantity, arrangement and burning behaviour of combustibles in each enclosure. enclosure geometry. number of enclosures and their relationship. connections between enclosures. the fire protection measures in the building and their effect on the fire.14 COMMISSIONING, MANAGEMENT‐IN‐USE & MAINTENANCE………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 CONCLUSION……………………………………………
